Long Time Promoted Democracy in United States of America - 275 Words

Long Time Promoted Democracy in United States of America (Coursework Sample) Content: American DemocracyInstitutionNameUnited States has for a long time promoted democracy. America was founded on democratic grounds from the time its founders were freeing from religious prosecution. Democracy is not all about religious freedom or rights of workers, but to create a more stable, secure and stable nation. Through democracy the nation can achieve peace, promote economic growth and protect the citizens. American democracy is achieved by use of certain institutions which include bureaucratic federal agencies, constitution, the judicial system and interest groups.The U.S constitution forms a strong foundation of the central government which regulates commerce, enforces citizen rights and defends the citizens (Stevens, 2014). The constitution offers the federal government procedures and principles which it has operated with since 1789. Some responsibilities are delegated to the states while others to other federal bodies. The constitution divides powers between the three branches of the government (Levy, Karst, Winkler, 2000). In addition, it gives a system that prevents one branch from having power over the other.The original parts of the constitution are very specific especially the Bill of Rights, but is vague in other parts. Due to this vagueness, the constitution can be adapted to changes through adding amendments and also by interpretation by the judicial system. Amendment results to more clarity of the constitutions or brings about some restrictions (Stevens, 2014). Originally, the constitution supported liberty but did not support women and slaves liberty. The laws were exploited in order to keep these groups in the same situation. The adaptability of the constitution gives it strengths while providing more restrictions through the amendments is a major weakness of the constitution.While different amendments have proved to be beneficial, the congress should consider whether the amendment will give more restrictions or will provid e more benefits. For example, 13th Amendment led to abolishment of slavery while 14th Amendment made slaves citizens and gave them rights to vote (Stevens, 2014). The more the constitution is amended the more there will be restrictions which mean that amendments should be as limited as possible (Levy, Karst, Winkler, 2000). For example, if in a certain field such as in business there were a lot of laws, business would find it hard to operate and there will be few entries to certain industries.Agencies of bureaucracy have a variety of roles which ranges from collecting revenues to regulation of the economy. Members of the bureaucracy are not elected and they respond to elected officials who hold public offices. As a result these people have expertise in certain areas due to them specializing in that area or staying in office for long. They are the people who administer the policies and most of the times know much about different issues than members of the congress (Sidlow Henschen , 2013). In addition, they have a large impact on the process of policy making. Agencies of federal bureaucracy should leverage this advantage of having expertise in certain areas while putting into practice different policy.On the other hand, civil service laws presents a disadvantage to the agencies in that these laws affects hiring, firing and promotion. Therefore, it is very difficult to maintain competence among the employees. There lacks competence among employees of agencies which makes their performance to be low (Sidlow Henschen, 2013). It is hard to fire an employee of incompetence in such agencies unless they commit a serious crime. Since the employees feel that they are protected by the civil service laws, they are incompetent which then affects performance of the whole agency.In order to ensure that the agency remains staffed with employees who are highly skilled, they should be selected on the basis of experience and expertise. These personnel should be clearly invest igated for any misconduct and their competent gauged (Hanrahan, 2008). Reforms to the civil service laws should be made such that they allow hiring and firing in case of poor performance, incompetency or lack of accountability. The result is ease of firing in case of incompetence which will then improve performance.The presumption of innocence is where one is said to be innocent until proven guilty. In most of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s nation, presumption of innocence is a legal right of the persons who have been accused and the U.S is one of those nations (Sidlow Henschen, 2013). The prosecution is mandated with the role of proof where compelling evidence is required to be collected and presented in order to convince the Trier. Actual evidence and testimonies which are admissible according to the law are considered. In addition, evidence in most cases should be legally obtained in order to accuse someone beyond doubt that he or she is guilty. In case there is reasonable doubt, then th e accused is acquitted (Hanrahan, 2008). Under the American law, the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty of all the acquisitions and the burden of proof remains with the accuser.Presumption of innocence requires that the prosecution prove all the elements of the offense beyond reasonable doubts. In addition, the accused has the burden to proof that the accused is guilty (Hogan, 2006). The phrase innocent until proven guilty was coined by an English lawyer known as Sir William Garrow. According to Garrow, accusers are to be heavily tested in the court of law. On the other hand, an objective observer as part of the jury has to conclude reasonably that the person committed the crime. Jean Lemoine, a French Cardinal and jurist created presumption of innocence in order to favor the accused as most people are not criminals (Hogan, 2006). This is considered favorable evidence of the accused which requires the Trier of facts to begin with a presumption that the state is not cap able of supporting it assertions.In order to ensure that presumption of innocence is protected by the law, three rules are used in criminal trials. The first presumption is that whether the defendant committed the crime he or she is charged with, the state carries the burden of proo (Hogan, 2006 )f. The defendant does not carry the burden of proof under any circumstance (Burns, 2009). The defendant does not have the obligation to call the witness, testify or present any evidence, In addition, if the defendant decides he or she will not testify, this cannot be used against him or her. Thirdly, the jury or the judge is supposed to pass the judgment based on evidence alone. The judge or the judge cannot pass the judgment based on the negative inference of the case facts without arguing based on the evidence collected (Burns, 2009).While the government can detain some criminals who are said to poses danger to the public, criminals can be released from jail before trial. Presumption of i nnocence is a public symbol and at the same time it requires proof beyond reasonable doubt. In reality no defendant would be faced by a trial unless someone else such as prosecutor or a police officer believes that the defendant is guilty (Hogan, 2006). Presumption of innocence is a criminal processes and it keeps the juries and judges focused on the issues presented in a case. It requires that the judge or jury determine whether the prosecution has proven that the defendant is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. This has led to a fair judicial system in that an individual is proven innocent until proven guilty.On the other hand, the hearing processes takes a short time or they are done in a fast manner which can suppress important evidence. The amount of time that it takes from arrest to passing the judgment varies depending on the crime. For example, a case of drunk driving may be solved within months from the date of arrest. However, there are some cases where there are speedy trials . Once the trial has been started, the defendant can force the case trials to be done in a quick manner (Burns, 2009). In California, the law requires that the defendant be brought to trial within 60 days of indictment in case there is no good reason for delay otherwise the case will be dismissed by the judge.While the law requires that the trial be carried out within a given time, it is important that the important information be collected. Therefore, it may take long to collect the necessary information which means more time will be needed. In addition, the more complicated a case is the more it will require more time and also if a lot of parties are involved (Hogan, 2006). However, most of the courts will try to rush in order to meet the requirements of passing the trial within a predetermined period (Hogan, 2006). The time required for a case to go to trial should be determine by the number of parties involved and how complicated the case is.One positive impact of interest group is that of offering people an opportunity to contribute to democratic political processes. Through having competing goals among i...

Preparing the Perfect Package for Your MBA Application in 4 Steps

You have done all the hard work and put in the hours to get to this point. Your GPA, GMAT, work experience, and extracurricular activities are what they are. You have researched schools extensively, even visiting campuses  and making an effort to connect  with alumni. Now, it is about putting  this  all together into one application package that will  determine whether you get to attend your dream  school or not no pressure. Here are three ways you can prepare the perfect package for your target programs: Selecting Stories As you start sorting through potential ideas for your essays, list the interesting anecdotes that would best present you in a nutshell   think of these as scenes in a movie that would best capture the essence of the lead character. These can  help you stand out through your interesting experiences and serve as attention-grabbers that captivate your audience. These stories could come  from your personal life, professional accomplishments, or passions. Recommenders can also add to this aspect of your application by relating specific stories about you that will help substantiate the qualities that you are highlighting. Powerful examples of your leadership and teamwork skills or ability to benefit from constructive criticism will greatly help. Thus, reminding your recommenders of these episodes in your relationship could come in handy. Presenting Perspectives Your application  essays are also avenues that allow the Admissions Committee to understand where you  come from, what motivates you, and where you want to go post-MBA. Sharing your unique upbringing, family values and inspirations  will help present a more personal profile. This is not limited to just the positive events or outstanding accomplishments in your life,  either   the challenges you have overcome or even the weaknesses you are still addressing also humanize you, making you more relatable so that the Admissions Committee  wants to root for your success. Sharing your personal story and challenging circumstances will also emphasize  that you will be able to  contribute to the classroom experiences of your future peers. In addition, use your interesting passions or  talents that showcase surprising skills to also help you stand out among the other applicants, similar to the way football players singing and dancing to Beyonce’s music make for a memorable bit. Tweaking the Tone Apart from the theme and the great stories  you choose to showcase in your application, fine-tuning the overall tone of your presentation can go a long way in delivering a powerful message. Having the perfect mix of displaying your  strengths, humbly admitting your weaknesses, and showing fit between your target program and career goals is  critical. However, be sure to show personal accountability for, and general reflection on, your failures as you plan your next steps   make sure your choice to pursue an MBA at this time in your life is  displayed with clear purpose  for the Admissions Committee. Delivering these details with a personal tone and a positive vibe shows your ability to collaborate and be in sync with a select group of star performers as you apply  for a coveted slot in a top-tier  program. Fitting Finale Take some care to end your application on a positive note, carefully considering the last impression you want to make, just as the last song of a musical has to be well thought-out and excellently executed to deliver a fitting finale. Applying to business school? Call us at 1-800-925-7737 and speak with an MBA admissions expert today, or take our free MBA Admissions Profile Evaluation  for personalized advice for your unique application situation! And as always, be sure to find us on Facebook, YouTube, Google+  and Twitter. Written by Edison Cu, a Veritas Prep Head Consultant for  INSEAD.