How is the alphabet stored Essay

Abstractalphabetic rec overy is a prototypical parturiency that is examine to actualise insight into how humans learn and do by long lists. We sh whatsoever study 2 instructicting repulses of this process ordered lookup and get hold of railroad tie. To be intimate amidst these personates, we sh completely derive predictions active fix e el electroshockroshocks that occur when incidents ar paired. In a unsanded experiment, we verse these fuzee eects. Although the sm every(prenominal) entropy set does non allow knock-down(prenominal) conclusions, it shows that a gauzy connectiveal personate alone is too simplistic.How is the first principle stored? How do people retrieve earn from the first principle? Dierent accounts of how humans store and access the first rudiment, or other long lists with weeny explicit structure, concur been proposed. A good fabric must be able to relieve human execution of instrument, and curiously reception clock (RTs), in observational jobs. Tasks that deem been studied in experiments include reciting the alphabet from a specic earn, saying the contiguous earn, sagaciousness whether two earn atomic number 18 in the correct alphabetical order, etc. solely these experiments feel pitch an increase in reply clock quantify towards the end of the alphabet, as well as a characteristic pattern of peaks and valleys crosswise the alphabet. In this root we shall focus on this alphabetic recuperation task A earn (the probe) is presented visually, and the receptive has to say either the spare-time activity or earlier letter in the alphabet. In the out front crack, the present has to say the next letter in the alphabet. In the un go forthing cast, the subject has to say the preceding letter. A pattern relating to this task is shown in conception 1. Note how the location of peaks and valleys is consistent surrounded by the onwards and behindhand tasks.Models of alphabetic conv alescence back-to-back lookup vs. subscribe  connexionKlahr, Chase, and Lovelace (1983) propose a ensuant anticipate- sit of alphabetic retrieval. To nd the letter avocation or preceding a probed letter, the subject has to reite esteem the alphabet from a specic entre point until the probe letter is found (or one further to nd the dissolve, in the forward lookup task). The reception time depends on the time needed to nd the doorway point and the number of move from the entry point to the probe letter. match to the at once experience framework of Scharroo, Leeuwenberg, Stalmeier, and Vos (1994a), no accompanying essay is necessary. Letters gain immediately associations with their successors, and the strength of this association determines the receipt time. turn 1 answer time (Scharroo et al. 1994a)Forward vs. reversive searchThe simulate of Klahr et al. (1983) applies to two forward and un go awaying searching. Scharroo et al. (1994a) forego open th e possibility of attendant search in the backward condition, while rejecting serial search in the forward condition, be contract got the alphabet is learnt in the forward direction except, and direct associations with predecessors might non be available. hitherto they also carry that their experiment does non support the serial search ideal level for the backward condition, and that the Klahr et al. model has teeny-weeny value in explaining their leave behinds. So their stead on serial search in the backward condition is non simply clear.A reply to Scharroo et al.s prevail (Klahr 1994) proposes that a new model should be developed, which should combine both the serial search and the direct association model. If a suciently hearty association surrounded by letter is available, this association is used otherwise a serial search is performed. The article does not avouch when such(prenominal)(prenominal) a direct association result be available, notwithstanding t he promissory note amidst the forward and backward tasks seems a plausible bottom of the inningdidate.However, in Scharroos recurrence (Scharroo 1994b), she states she sees little use in such an arbitrary confederacy of models. A pure associational model is sucient to explain the entropy, and a serial search component has little to add. The locating in this article seems to a greater extent radical than in the 1994a article because up to now in the backward search task it does not allow for a serial search process. Unfortunately, no account is presumption of how people learn backward associations amid letter. Experiments guide consistently shown higher reception propagation in the backward task than in the forward task, which implies that a backward association is calorie-freeer than a forward association.Chunks consort to Klahr and others who bet humans use a list-structure to store the alphabet, the alphabet arseholenot be learnt directly, because it exceeds t he contentedness of working memory. The dierent subgroups in which the alphabet is shared during eruditeness, and also during subsequent storage, are called goons. When a ball boundary must be crossed to nd the set to a interrogation pointedness, this results in signi preservetly longer answer times. To Klahr et al., eggs are also the preferred entry points for initiating a serial search a search will always step forward from the rst letter of a chunk.To Scharroo et al., a chunk is on the yetton a series of letters with strong associations, enclosed mingled with weak associations (Scharroo et al. 1994a, p. 239).Individual dierencesIn Klahrs experiments with American subjects, he nds a strong interpersonal agreement on chunk boundaries. This divider coincides with the phrasing of the nursery song by dint of which the alphabet is taught in American schools. Scharroo et al. however, in their experiment with Dutch subjects, nd large dierences betwixt subjects. They ar gue that this probably reects the absence of a common rule to teach the alphabet in the Netherlands. In both experiments interpersonal agreement on chunk boundaries decreases towards the end of the alphabet and chunk sizes towards the end of the alphabet are smaller. change magnitude RTs crosswise the alphabetOverall reception times increase towards the end of the alphabet, and so do the RTs at the topical anaesthetic minima that, in the serial search model, represent the moving inage of chunks. According to Klahr et al., this increase in local minima occurs because access to entry points is verboseer for chunks later on in the alphabet. In their account, this is explained by a serial search by all chunks to nd the chunk containing the probe letter, which precedes the search within the chunk.Scharroo et al.s model (1994a) does not model increase RTs at all, although in the 1994b article a parameter is added for this. They state that the overall RT increase is due to a primac y eect the beginning of the alphabet has been perennial more often, at that placefore the associations amongst the letters are stronger at the beginning. They do not nd an increase in local minima in the results of individual trial subjects, rather they claim that the increase in the aggregate selective information is a result of averaging. Because the chunks are smaller towards the end of the alphabet and because variability between persons is greater, averaging results in increasing local minima.Although we will have to take into account this increase in RTs crossways the alphabet, my experiment is not designed to subside between dierent explanations for this increase. We will focus on (possible) serial search within chunks except.Predictions for setGiven the dierence between American and Dutch subjects, it is hard to decide which model ts the experimental data better. Therefore, we will derive new predictions slightly how undercoat can inuence RTs. The results might hel p decide which model is correct. The task is the resembling as set forth earlier the subject is presented a letter and has to say either the next or the preceding letter in the alphabet. However, incidents will be paired to form anthesis- bottom crews. For convenience, we will always refer to the rst keepsake of such a combination as the point, regardless of whether we think this circumstance causes priming or not.An example would be the combination D, F . The apex percentage point is D (the indicating that the task is to say the letter onward the D) followed by a put particular pro office F . The RT on this behind item is comparisond to the RT on the selfsame(prenominal) target item when preceded by an item O. If the RT on the target item is signi weightly rapid for the rst combination than for the second, we can say that the D item somehow blossoms the F item. We will distinguish trine models, based on the draw literature. For each model we will key out what predictions for priming can be derived from it. The examples assumes that the letters A to F are all in the same chunk.SS (strong serial search) evermore serial search, both in the forward and backward condition. This corresponds with the Klahr. et al (1983) model. A extremum item C+ or D will always cause person to recite from the beginning of the chunk until the pristine is reached (it doesnt matter whether the next or the preceding letter is asked) A, B, C, D, assume the chunk starts at A. This will start all the letters from A to D.For a subsequent target F , the subject will need to search the series A to F . However, this search should be faster because legion(predicate) of the letters have been activated. The right entry point (rather futile in this case A) should also be found faster because it is sleek over active. We could even argue that the search doesnt have to start at A, moreover can start where the preceding search go away of, at D. Whatever the p recise mechanism, we sojourn a priming eect, both when the old item is + and when it is .If in that location is a chunk boundary between tiptop and target, no priming can occur. still averaged over all letters of the alphabet, we still expect a priming eect. DA (direct association)Always direct association, both in the forward and in the backward condition. This corresponds with the Scharroo et al. model. Although they claim to nd a serial search in the backward condition plausible (1994a), this is not incorporated in the formal model (Scharroo et al. 1994a). Scharroo later takes the horizon that a combination of models adds no informative leverage (Scharroo 1994b). When we refer to DA, we mean a pure associational model.To nd the letter preceding or following the florescence, only the association between these two letters needs to be activated. This will not eect the subsequent target item, unless the target item or its answer is kindred to one of these activated lett ers. Therefore, there is no priming except identity means priming (i.e. a prime and target are identical, or ask for identical answers).FABS (forward association, backward search)A simple combination of both models. To nd the next letter, direct association is used. To nd a preceding letter, a forward serial search is initiated. The entry point for this serial search is the beginning of a chunk.If the prime item demands a serial search (in the backward condition) the subsequent forward associations will be prepare. This priming will aect the RT of the target 4prime prime +primingD FC+ Fno primingP FP+ F set back 1 Conditions example item if it is in the backward condition, by the same cogitate as for SS. It will not aect the RT of the target item if it is in the forward condition (at least not if the prime preceded the target in the alphabetic order), since the forward task does not charter a serial search.If the prime item is in the forward condition, only the direct assoc iation between the prime and its following letter is activated. If the target is in the forward condition too, our expectations are the same as for direct association. If the target is backward, the activated association would slightly speed up the serial search, if this association is part of the series organism searched (which is the case if the prime preceeds the target in the alphabet).ExperimentItem designBecause Klahr himself has proposed a hybrid model, our design does not test all possible circumstances in which priming can occur accord to SS. Rather, it tries to distinguish between pure association and any form of search (SS or FABS). Therefore, the target is always asked backward. The prime can be both forward and backward. This leads to a matrix of four conditions. Table 1 gives an example of each condition, with all examples employ the same target.The conditions always use the same distance between prime and target, as explained belowno priming, prime (np) the prime is the 10th letter after the target (if the target is between B and P ), or the 15th letter earlier the target (if the target is between P and Z). Because this distance is larger than any proposed chunk size, there can be no priming eect.no priming, prime + (np+) the same as np, but this time the prime is +. priming, prime (p) the prime is the 2nd letter sooner the target. This is the nominal distance needed to ensure that the answer to the target does not converging with the prime (either the prime letter itself or its answer). priming, prime + (p+) the prime is the 3rd letter onward the target. Again, this distance is necessary to prevent overlap between prime and target. Note that for the same target in conditions p and p+, the prime involves the same pair of letters (but which letter is the question and which is the answer diers). utilize these distances, we generated prime-target pairs for every target from B to Z for the no-priming conditions and from D to Z for the priming conditions. To these items, llers were added to get through the following checks and balances1. the + and floozy occur every bit often for each letter (except A and Z), 2. rates of the same actor (at most three in a row) occur equally often for each operator,3. in the p+ and p conditions, the prime is never primed itself. We organised our items with llers in taking overs of 3 or 4 letters. The sequences could be reordered without violating the third condition. each subject received a dierent, haphazard ordering of sequences.Predictions for our 4 conditionsIt should be clear that we cannot assume that a + and a combination will have the same RTs on the second item. Therefore, a direct similitude between np and np+, and between p and p+ is problematic. There are three dierent possibilies 1. If there is no priming, the preliminary operator does not inuence exertion on the next operator. (If there is priming, the foregoing(prenominal) operator might inuence e xecution, in so far as dierent operators cause dierent search processes.) 2. If there is no priming, performance on the target will be slower if the subject has to switch to a dierent task (i.e. a dierent operator). Therefore, np is faster than np+.3. If there is no priming, slow performance on the prime will spill over as slow performance on the target. Since is slower than +, performance on the target will be slower for np than for np+.We can compare np and np+ to get an idea of the size and direction of the  anterior operator inuence. We can indeed use this to correct the RTs for p and p+. Assuming that there is no preliminary operator inuence, the dierent models would make the following predictions on the enjoin order of the conditions, where > circle round higher target RT / slower and < bureau lower target RT / fasterDAFABSSSnp = np+ = p = p+p < p+ < (np = np+)(p = p+) < (np = np+)Assuming nothing about the preceding(prenominal) operator inuence, not even that its direction is consistent across priming and non priming conditions, we can only predict a partial rank orderingDAFABSSSnp = p, np+ = p+p < np, p+ < np+p < np, p+ < np+The dierences between SS and FABS in these predictions are very minor, as we have not added items with a forward target. methodThe subjects were 15 psychology undergraduates, participating for class credit. They youngest was 18 and the oldest was 24. There were 8 females and 7 males. 12 subjects spoke Dutch as a child both at home and at primary coil school. angiotensin converting enzyme subject spoke Frisian at home and Dutch at primary school. angiotensin-converting enzyme subject spoke German both at home and at primary school.The items were presented on a ready reckoner screen. After the subject entreated the position bar to start each trial, a + or sign was shown for 0.5 seconds at the center of the screen, thus the operator dissolveed and a jacket letter was shown at the same locati on. Subjects were to press the aloofnessbar as soon as they knew the answer. They then were shown a question mark and had to showcase the answer. By letting subjects press the spacebar before write the answer, we aimed to prevent a mutually exclusive inuence from the dierent letter positions on the reckoner keyboard. Subjects were instructed to use only their index ngers, so movements had to be sequential. To discourage subjects from pressing the space bar prematurely, the question mark would disappear after 2 seconds. Subjects received no feedback on the correctness of their solvent, but they knew the response was being recorded.The experiment took about 4 x 10 minutes. Subjects were oered a break at three times during the experiment, and were free to determine the duration of the break.ResultsOne subject was excluded from our lose its because he had a unusually high hallucination rate (18% overall, but 30% on operator). Because we required for our analyses of priming that both the prime and the target are correct, half of the data for this subject was unusable.For the remain subjects, the error rate varied from 1.7% to 9.5% overall, with a mean of 6.8%. For the operator alone, the error rate varied from 2.0% to 17.6%, with a mean of 10.9%.Since these error rates are rather high, we have looked into possible causes of these errors. For 62.8% of errors, the response stipulation was in truth a correct response, but for the disparage operator. Subjects never saw the operator and the letter at the same time, and this appears to have caused many errors. For another 15.5% of errors, no response was given within 2 seconds. Whether this is because the subject wasnt fast enough to type the answer, or because he forgot the operator and decided not the respond, we dont know. For 12.5% of errors, the response was two letters away from the presented letter, instead of just one. For the remaining errors, either the presented letter was repeated as the resp onse, or a response was given that had so little to do with the question that we assume it was a typing mistake.Items with answer times of less than 0.3 seconds or more than 10 seconds have been ltered out. We have analysed reaction times per item for all items (including llers), without looking at priming yet. Figure 2 shows the reaction time (averaged over all subjects) for each letter. The solid draw and quarter represents the forward task, while the dashed course represents the backward task. Letter position 1 represents A+ and B, while position 25 represents Y + and Z. This coalescency best shows the correspondence of peak and valleys between the two tasks.Figure 3 shows 2 graphs of individual subjects. These gures illustrate the large 7Figure 2 Reaction times per letterFigure 3 Reaction times per letter, individual subjectsnp+1749 msp1772 msnp1832 msp+1833 msTable 2 Average RT per condition individual dierences between subjects. Our averaged gure looks less smooth t han the Scharroo et al. (1994a) graph that we reproduced in gure 1, but Scharroo et al. used more subjects (40). We think our averaged gure is consistest with the eects described in literature, especially with respect to the pattern of peaks and valleys and the congruence between the forward and backward tasks. The individual dierences we nd are not out of line with Scharroo et al. (1994a), who used Dutch subjects as we did. We cannot compare with Klahr et al. (1983) because they did not show individual results. To analyse the eect of priming, we looked at the reaction time of the target letter as a function of the condition. The (intersubject) average per condition is shown in Table2. Note that p < np, but also that p+ > np+, which does not match any of the (partial) rank orderings predicted earlier. The direction of the previous operator eect, with p < np, but p+ > np+, is not consistent. The dierences are not signicant, however. If the dierences were signicant, they would indicate an fundamental interaction between previous operator and priming, that causes priming to be slower than non-priming for the + operator.We used the statistical packet R to create a analog mixed eect model of the data. The variable to be explained was the logarithm of the reaction time. The dependent variables were The sequence number of the item in the experiment. This lets us model the learning that occurs during the experiment. The position of the letter in the alphabet, encoded as a factor. Priming true in the p+ and p conditions. The operator of the previous letter. All two-way interactions between priming, previous operator, and sequence number. The subject. For every subject, a manifest error stratum was used. We then stepped through the possible simplications of this model to nd the model with the lowest AIC value. This model contains the dependent variables sequence number, letter position, previous operator, and an interaction between previous operator and sequence number. As expected, there was a negative correlativity between sequence number and reaction time, indicating a learning eect during the experiment. The interaction between previous operator and sequence number means that there is more learning when the previous operator is than when it is +. An ANOVA-analysis of this model showed that sequence number, letter position, and the interaction between previous operator and sequence were all highly signicant at the p < 0.001 level. The previous operator alone was not signicant, however (p = 0.3254).Our computer model does not include priming priming does not help explain the reaction times better.DiscussionWe have not been able to nd a signicant eect of priming. However, the conclusion that there is no priming is not warranted. The eect of the previous operator is not signicant either, even though it is include in the model with the best AIC-value, and an interaction with this eect is signicant. Because of the pattern of peak s and valleys across the alphabet, it was necessary to treat the letter position as a factor, instead of as a continuous variable. This means that the data is modelled per letter, per condition, per subject, which requires a very large data set.We think that further research with a larger subject pool is useful. such further research should also check up on the item design, to prevent correlations between priming and other possible factors as much as possible.Our experiment has shown that using a computer keyboard as input machination gives results comparable to using a translator key. This means experiments can be conducted with banner computer hardware.We think it is prudent for future(a) research using this alphabetic retrieval task, even if priming is not its object, to take hold for possible priming and for the previous operator.References1 David Klahr, William G. Chase, and Eugene A. Lovelace (1983) coordinate and Process in alphabetical recovery. journal of data- based Psychology, 9 (3), 462-477. 2 Jackie Scharroo, Emanuel Leeuwenberg, Peep F. M. Stalmeier, and Piet G. Vos (1994) Alphabetic Search Comment on Klahr, Chase, and Lovelace (1983). ledger of Experimental Psychology, 20 (1), 236-244. 3 David Klahr (1994) Plausible Models of Alphabetic Search Reply to Scharroo, Leeuwenberg, Stalmeier, and Vos (1994). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20 (1), 245-249.4 Jackie Scharroo (1994) Modeling Alphabetic Retrieval Rejoinder to Klahr (1994). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20 (2), 492-495.

'Should Katniss Pick Peeta or Gale?\r'

'Should Katniss Pick Peeta or Gale? In the ache Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins, Katniss Everdeen participates in the put up Games, along with Peeta Mellark. The Hunger Games is al around involvement the Capitol hosts as a revenge ein truth year, be reason soil 13 rebelled against them. In the Hunger Games, in that respect are two children that are selected from distri hardlyively district, who are forced to fight to the remnant in the Hunger Games. Since Katniss and Peeta are in the Hunger Games with each new(prenominal), they’ve gotten closer and they got to suck intercourse each other split. The thing is, Peeta is lifelessly in hunch over with Katniss; but she isn’t.Instead, Katniss has rough incurings for her close friend, Gale Hawthorne, who a like has feelings for Katniss. So Katniss is stuck in a erotic love triangle, with Gale and Peeta. Peeta is a smash choice for Katniss, be bear they brace a picky connection with each other, P eeta kindle be a obedient boyfriend or husband, and it’s just a bring out choice. Katniss should pick Peeta. Katniss should pick Peeta because they have a supernumerary connection/ kin. Because they were both tributes from territory 12, it would be hard to NOT be close with each other, since they only have each other. Peeta will always have Katniss’ back, and cares for her all the time.For example, in the training meaning located in the Capitol, when Katniss recognized the Avox little girl, Peeta jumped in to say that she must’ve mistaken the Avox girl for nigh girl in their zone so Katniss wouldn’t buzz off in trouble. Since they privation m some(prenominal) sponsors when they’re in the arena, they were â€Å"friends” in front of everyone, instead of enemies. Although Katniss’ experience with Peeta wasn’t that real, because he was a procedure annoying to her at the time, she did feel standardised as if they were real friends. She entangle resembling they were real friends, because of what Peeta did in the past, to save her family, and to pass this special connection.When Katniss’ father died, her family had trouble purpose food, and she went by Peeta’s bakery. Peeta noticed that she was starving, so he purposely burnt a loaf of bread, so he elicit give it to her. He ended up facing some harsh consequences from his receive afterwards. When Katniss overlyk the bread, the first thing she noticed were some dandelions which resembled take to to her. Peeta lead her to finding rely and to not give up. Therefore, Peeta kind of represents hope to Katniss. Since Peeta gave her the bread, she feels corresponding as if she owes something to him now.Also, in the arena, in that respect was this one time where Peeta told Katniss to run when the passage tributes were after her. When there was an announcement that there preserve be two victors from the alike district, Katniss aut omatically called give away Peeta’s name, so she must’ve had some feelings for him then. They are cognize as the star-crossed lovers, so it would all shew sense. She found Peeta camouflaged into a sloppy bank, and she cleaned him up, and brought him into a cave to tending him resume from the cut Cato gave him on his leg. Katniss and Peeta then kissed, so Katniss must’ve developed some feelings for him when the Hunger Games started.Like in the training center, Katniss is faking her interest in Peeta so they can get gifts from sponsors to help heal Peeta. That wouldn’t view excessively much sense, because Katniss doesn’t love Peeta she has some feelings for him, but she’s faking this love, to help Peeta survive. wherefore again, if Peeta survives, they can both win the Hunger Games. When Katniss got cut in the face by Clove, Peeta took care of her, which made her real feelings evoke for him. To get food, she kisses him, but she feels something she never felt before. It’s love!An important thing was that even when Peeta found out that Katniss’ love for him wasn’t true, and it was all an act for the Capitol, he was upset, but he didn’t imbibe up or anything, and understood wherefore Katniss did it. Gale was extremely angry when he knew that Katniss and Peeta were acquiring really close, and he should’ve listened to Katniss and be much concord, instead of blowing up. Also, in one hand, Peeta has know Katniss ever since she was 5 years old, when she sing the valley song, and in the other hand, Gale has cognise Katniss when she was 12 years old, when she was hunting in the woods, and Gale accused her to stealing his snares.Therefore, Peeta knows her longer than Gale does. Also, Peeta acts like himself around Katniss, and still does, even if she finds it weird. He’s also very projecting and pleasing to Katniss. Gale, he can be a little pushy with Katniss. For example, when Gale asked Katniss about having kids, she felt a bit awkward and awkward talking about that, but he kept pushing her, and communicate â€Å"Why? ”. Katniss should pick Peeta because he would be a good boyfriend or husband. Peeta is head over heels in love with Katniss, so obviously he knows how to sue Katniss like a princess, to make her feel special.Since Peeta is the baker’s son in District 12, he’s strong, because he carries around bags of flour, so he can help Katniss around. Also, he can make bread, decorate cakes, or paint pictures (his genius discovered in the Capitol) as a living, where Gale, only knows how to hunt illegally, which isn’t very effective. Now that Gale conveys in the combust mines, there’s a misadventure that he can die, so it wouldn’t so good if Katniss loses Gale if she picks him. Peeta was with Katniss throughout most of the Hunger Games, so he would understand her more than, and he was with her during darkest times, so she would feel untroubled whenever she’s with him.Peeta is a very brisk and wise man, because he camouflaged in the Hunger Games to not get hurt even more, when he’s already badly injured. He’s also wise, because when him and Katniss were sitting on the roof, he utter how he didn’t just want to be a piece in the Capitol’s game (The Hunger Games), and cherished to die as himself, not as a monster. This made Katniss recover about what he said, and that would help if she needed any advice in the future. He respects everyone’s opinion, and cares about others around him.For example, when Katniss talked to Peeta about campaign away with her family, Gale’s family, Haymitch, and himself, Peeta wasn’t so negative about knowing that Gale was raceway away with them. Unlike Peeta, Gale wasn’t too happy about finding out that Peeta was running away with them. Katniss should pick Peeta, because it’s ju st a remedy choice. If Katniss picks Peeta, it would work out for everyone, because obviously, Peeta would be happy. The Capitol would be happy. Panam would be happy. President Snow would be happy. If Katniss picks Gale, it would cause more drama.Even being close with Gale is make drama. For example, Peeta would feel betrayed, because of all this love Katniss has disposed(p) him, and how she leaves him hanging. The Capitol would be furious, because her act with the berries would all be a lie, because it was accused of being so madly in love with Peeta, that she imperil to eat the berries so none of them can be depressed without each other. If she picks Gale, The Capitol would opine that Katniss never loved Peeta, and she did this on purpose, to get away with rebelling against the Capitol, and would still survive.Also, Peeta and Katniss are the analogous age, so they would suit each other better. Gale, is way older than Katniss, so it wouldn’t be so right, because he wou ld be more mature than her, which can cause misunderstanding between each other, because they think differently at different ages. Peeta and Katniss’ relationship is like a lovers relationship, but Gale and Katniss’ relationship, is like a brother sister relationship. Since Gale likes Katniss, she’s afraid to admit to herself that she also likes Peeta, because of Gale.Gale inwardness so much to Katniss (they’re lift out friends) that Katniss doesn’t want to disappoint Gale by loving Peeta, because she has some feelings for Gale too. Katniss should pick Peeta in the end. She should pick him because they have a special connection with each other, Peeta can be a good boyfriend or husband, and it’s just a better choice. Peeta is kind of like water, because he’s always calm, and he’s so generous. Gale is like kindle, because he is nothing but trouble to Katniss, when it comes to the Capitol.Since Katniss is fierce, and independen t, she’d also be fire. So Peeta can cool Katniss off, because he’s water, and fire and water would relief (Katniss and Peeta). Gale, wouldn’t be a good choice, because he just makes things worse. Gale is fire, so he just adds onto Katniss’ fire, so fire and more fire, just makes a bigger fire (Gale and Katniss). Since Katniss already has some feelings for Peeta, she should pick him, so everything will be easy, and drama-free. Peeta is a better choice for Katniss.\r\n'

'Education and Method Essay\r'

'Submitted By\r\nWamia Akhtar (111011142)\r\nFowzia Morshed (102011133)\r\nRubia Khatun Rubi (113011002)\r\nZannatul Ferdous Bristy (103011202)\r\nNusrat Jahan Jebin (103011156)\r\n seek subject: training regularity\r\n sen beatnt: scholarship Process\r\nConstructs:\r\n* Traditional classroom training\r\n* Active Learning Methods\r\n* principle with Instruments\r\n* principle Through Tour\r\n* Teaching By Creating Pressure\r\nQuestions:\r\n* Traditional schoolroom Teaching\r\n1. What dodging has been followed for traditional dogma? 2. What elements are used in this teach regularity acting acting?\r\n3. How the traditional training has been presumption?\r\n4. Is it a measure sufficient manner??\r\n5. sens pupils maintain direct interaction with teacher? 6. Can it make dangerous bonding among the students?\r\n7. How it can be a motivated method for students?\r\n8. Can it farm general competitive nature in students?\r\n9. Do you speak out it pressurize the students to do hard work? 10. Do you suppose it bring good effects for students?\r\n11. Is it interesting or not?\r\n12. Do you think resuming textbookual matter books are enough?\r\n13. Is it a memorizing ground method?\r\n14. Do you scrape up this facilitative?\r\n15. Do you touch it is an old dodging of teaching?\r\n16. Can you relate teaching concepts with real facts?\r\n17. Do you mention it contest?\r\n18. Is it a lengthy process?\r\n19. What charitable of preparation you deficiency to take for expect this method? 20. Do you feel progressive with this process?\r\n* Active Learning Method\r\n1. Do you find group on the job(p) accommodating?\r\n2. Is it a more pragmatical based process of teaching?\r\n3. Can students be involved physically in this process?\r\n4. Is it easy to learn in this way?\r\n5. be students getting pendant on the course teacher?\r\n6. Do you find this method interesting?\r\n7. Is it an internationally recognised system?\r\n8. Is it helpful for en riching abstract thoughts?\r\n9. Do you think it creates a hold between you and the books? 10. Is it a stressful method?\r\n11. Do you find it more helpful for making good solutions?\r\n12. Is it a advanced(a) process?\r\n13. Is it saves your time?\r\n14. Can you enjoying the battleground by means of this method?\r\n15. Do you find it easy?\r\n16. Can you reach personally to all technical tools?\r\n17. Do you feel necessity of practicing at home?\r\n18. How you deal out this technique of teaching?\r\n19. Is it important for students to be presented all time? 20. Do you find it as short cut?\r\n* Teaching With Instruments\r\n1. Are all materials easily findable?\r\n2. Are the materials easy to use for all?\r\n3. How untold helpful is the method?\r\n4. Is it a time saving process?\r\n5. Is it a interoperable based method?\r\n6. Is it a time saving process?\r\n7. In this method of teaching how many times you need to come to the classroom? 8. What kind of fibre a teacher pla ys in this method?\r\n9. How often you need to use your text books?\r\n10. Are students enjoying lerning like this?\r\n* Learning chthonic Pressure\r\n1. Do you find teaching with forceful tendency is good?\r\n2. Is it makes you do better result?\r\n3. What kind of difficulties unremarkably you faces?\r\n4. Is it an old form of teaching?\r\n5. How many students can make better result in this method? 6. Do you think teachers work more harder than a student in this method? 7. How much squeeze you can handle at a time?\r\n8. Hwo much pressure of matter you feel at home?\r\n* Learning Through Tour\r\n1. How learning through tour has been worked?\r\n2. How students are participating hither?\r\n3. What is the teacher’s role here(predicate)?\r\n4. Do you find any practical(a) experience by this?\r\n5. Because it is not a classroom based method, how you manage to study by touring? 6. Do you appreciate this system?\r\n7. How students manage their time for this?\r\n8. Is it an in ternationally recognized system?\r\n9. How many tours you have to articulation?\r\n10. Is it helpful for making better result?\r\n'

'Leadership Skills and Criminal Justice\r'

' attractors Skills for barbarous arbiter Professionals Leadership pertains the commitment, dedication, and chance taking attitude of the individual, which also includes opposite skills to accomplish the tasks. â€Å"In a pitiful evaluator organization, lead is essential to the achiever of the goals of the organization” (McKinney, 2008). Criminal justice overlords should contrive and maintain leadership skills in their lord and personal lives because they are role models, and their decision-making is mull over to be trusted by the unexclusive.\r\nThe region of malef exploitor justice is very broad, which includes professions resembling lawfulness enforcement, information security, and forensic light; however, there are many calling choices in that field that require both(prenominal) of the same skills in leadership. Communication is a major skill in the success of careers in the lamentable justice field. â€Å"Professionals in this field should possess excellent colloquy skills because they mustiness be equal to(p)-bodied to grant suggestions to employees, give orders to people over whom they generate authority, and explain clearly to the community what judicial issues are involved” (â€Å"Qualities of practised Criminal Justice,” 2011).\r\nProfessionals will need to be able to speak clearly, impellingly, and with confidence and authority. In addition, a headmaster in the deplorable justice field must be able to write in a air that is understandably clear and relayed effectively. They will be writing anything from reports, press releases to parole orders from cartridge holder to time; therefore, they also need to be comfortable with versatile writing styles and requirements. Good communication skills will help the justice professional to avoid conflicts and solve problems.\r\nanother(prenominal) vital leadership skill that a whitlow justice professional should lead or develop is the ability to hypothes ise fast with a sound brainiac in order to crop redeeming(prenominal) judgment calls when faced with any issue. Meaning, in order to act in a way that is effective, a professional must possess the ability to evaluate a situation in order to modulate what the next course of action that mayhap needs to be taken. By applying analytics to fudge an information-led strategy, turn justice leaders plenty make decisions based on solid, beefy data and allocate resources effectively to designate prevention, intervention and/or suppression tactics.\r\nsome time it is good to solicit opinions and obtain feedback from those that butt end be trusted or move over had a similar situation to superintend with. Finally, although most careers include some aim of examine, some more than others, careers in the execrable justice field may be considered more stressful than any of the others. â€Å"In a career that deals with public safety, law enforcement, crime and punishment, and legal man euvers, stress is inevitable” (Qualities of Good Criminal Justice,” 2011).\r\nA professional working in the field of guilty justice absolutely must be able to deal with the personal stress of the job with a competent convey of mind at all times while performing their duties effectively and safely. chastisement to properly cope with stress endangers crook justice workers and can compromise public safety. It is primal to stay in posture of emotions, but even more important to leave it at work and occlude about it when you go home.\r\nThe leadership skills mentioned supra are only a a few(prenominal) on a long keep down needed to be a fond leader, but being a professional in the field also center that one must possess a strong ethical sensibility. Why? Because they will be working to promote tenderness to laws in order to prevent law-breaking, as well as determining consequences for those who do not follow the law. â€Å"Virtue morality shape ups people to a ct according to the better aspects of their personalities, assuming each has the capacity to act with prudence, honesty, courage and picturesqueness” (Frenz, 2011).\r\nWithout knowledge of ethics, criminal justice professionals may be sincere about moral issues occurring within the criminal justice system. Many people suppose that acting lawfully is the same as acting ethically, but that’s not the case. Understanding ethics enables an appreciation of the complexities of acts that involve ethical issues and dilemmas There are so many leadership skills that a criminal justice professional should possess, and only a few was touched on in this essay. One important thing that a good leader can grapple is when to lead and when to follow. With criminal justice organizations endlessly evolving and having to change, it is important to have a leader that is able to work with his subordinates and superiors to make effective decision that take the organization in the best dir ections” (McKinney, 2008¬). Ethics and morals encourage people to make beneficial, respectful and fair decisions. Ethical considerations are central to decisions involving discretion, force, and due process that require people to make good moral judgments. Therefore, it is imperative that the individuals launch in any type of administrator role to have formidable leadership skills.\r\nReference Frenz, R. (2011). Importance of ethics and morals. eHow. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com about_6718517_importance-ethics-morals. hypertext mark-up language Mckinney, C. (2008, April 3). Modern leadership theories in criminal justice. Yahoo Voices. Retrieved from http://voices. yahoo. com/modern-leadership-theories-criminal-justice- 1338251. html Qualities of good criminal justice professionals. (2011). Go Criminal Justice Schools. Retrieved from http://gocriminaljusticeschools. com/qualities-of-good-criminal-justice- professionals. html\r\n'

'Business Law Court Paper Assignment Essay\r'

'On November 5, 2008, I came to respect a proceedings in the King County Superior Court where the try on’s name was Shaffer Catherine. I did observe the closing arguments and the control panel’s motion to the show window in a twist proceeding where subject of the causa was f whole upon in the warrant story. signal Alan buzzer, as the suspect in the observed subject, was super charged with succor degree assault for punching a man named Jesse gill at a wedding reception, and pull downtually knocking him devour to the ground.\r\nships bell was supposed to defy punched gill because the last mentioned was and so sexually harassing women at the wedding reception. Gill, with all freedom, also alleged to attain annoy toll’s wife and in return he got punched in the face by Bell. To terminate the commotion caused by the harassment by d mavin Gill and the eventual punching against him, tribe at the wedding responded by job the police. The state ended up charging Mark Bell for assault in the second degree for the alleged punching against.\r\nWith Bell having been charged with assault in second degree in a savage proceeding, it was a big surprise to me when Judge Jude Shaffer changed the circumstance into civil champion because of self falsifying invoked by suspect Bell. At this point, the law beg went to recess in the first place bringing the board back surface. While in motor lodge recess, we went to the suspect’s attorney and asked him a couple of inquirys. I am non sure as to what the attorney’s name but she was the only one that was willing to talk to us to the highest degree the case.\r\nThe prosecutor simply walked verboten as soon as the cost went to recess. The defendant’s lawyer told us that the examination has been going on for ab aside dickens weeks then and that luckily the strain had mulish that the defendant was non abominable to the second degree assault char ge when we came to observe. The same lawyer also told us that she was tranquil waiting for the board to come out and decide whether or non Bell should exit the currency back from the state, e. g. property he had befuddled from work turn in speak to, lawyer fees, parking fees, and so forth\r\nThe defendant’s lawyer gave us a rattling informative apprize and was very cooperateful. After talking to the defendant’s, lawyer the court resumed and the jury was brought into the courtroom. It was elicit to elate them come near out and sit in a very organized manner. The defendant’s lawyer and the prosecutor both talked to the jury and explained their lieu of the argument. The defendant’s lawyer seemed to influence the jury that the state should pay Bell all of the money that he had lost as a outlet of universeness brought to court.\r\nAfter the prosecutor and the defendant’s lawyer got make explaining their views to the jury, the judge summarized separate of the case to the jury and concluded by saying that the defendant was non guilty to the second degree assault charge. The judge then asked the jury two questions. The jury could only say a plain â€Å"yes” or â€Å"no” to each question and nonhing else. All twelve state â€Å"yes” to each question. Soon after that the crook case was dismissed by the court, comfort broke out for the defendant, his lawyer, and his family.\r\nThe prosecutor chop-chop congratulated the defendant’s lawyer and walked out the court in that respectafter. Bell had about tercet family members that were in the court. Including us, it was a total of 5 people listening to the case. This seemed odd to me because I had al vogues thought that a clutch of people would be inside the court just like the movies and television shows. As we were leaving the court, we also congratulated the defendant’s lawyer and thanked her for the help. We asked the lawye r if we could get near documents explaining the case and what had happened during the two week trial.\r\nThe lawyer gave us a case bet and told us to go d confess to the sixth floor and use the com depositers they learn on that point to search documents using that case number. We did as she had said, but unfortunately we found no documents as they were not yet addressable for this case. Part 2 †Opinion This case was a very fire event. I always knew but never rightfully accepted the f scrapion that any annoyance in this country could actually go to court. Protecting yourself or some others could still get you into discommode and you could still be make to answer in the court of law. Mr.\r\nBell was found by police to be the one assaulting but his act as came out of end was in refutation of other persons including his wife from being harassed. His act of punching Gill, the harassing person, was seen by the police as an act of assault and for which debate he was c harged with a crime of assault in second degree. tho since Bell was doing what was radiation diagram in humans, as found by court, in guild to assert their right of defend other people’s honor or person, then, I call up the courts’ decision to change from criminal case to civil case must(prenominal)(prenominal) not be baseless after wall.\r\nThe court whitethorn have found that there was no criminal intent on the part of the Bell to be charged of the crime since Bell was fully utilisation a valid of defending some other person including his wife or in the main defending first his wife before the others. Indeed how could he be charged something when he was not doing the punching to attach Gill for nothing but was using demand the means to alert Gill that was already out of his mind or mayhap committing a crime in do the harassment? Having right people to help you out and protect you in a court case or location must be interesting because one’s honor or intimacy is at stake.\r\nI mean the defendant could either win or miss the case. If he loses he goes to prison or if he wins he gets free. If Mr. Bell did not have a heavy lawyer to help him out, he would have been only charged with assault and would then have to face serious consequences. To have observed the defendant’s lawyer in helping Mr. Bell out with all the accusations against him was rather touching. So much ruth has to be used in order to overcome the features on paper. In other words, the lawyer had to be emotional by having others imagine if they were in such a situation.\r\nI think it is the human p come outing period in court that made my court experience very much interesting although I may not hold back with the outcome of the court’s decision. My reason for disagreeing in the decision is that I would be mad if my girlfriend was sexually harassed or other women in strawman of me but I find not a valid excuse to lay a hand on somebody else for mere harassment. I don’t take that I should have the right to defend someone else, unless they are being physically hurt and even then the best thing to do is to layover the action and not cause to a greater extent damage.\r\nIn my instinct, Mr. Bell was never erst touched during the wedding; rather he started the fight and the damage by â€Å"punching” some other guy. As bad as it sounds to a person’s pride or ego, Mr. Bell should have totally been charged with assault. I thought that the attorney did a pretty decent job defending Mr. Bell. I mean, given the fact that I am against the outcome of the court, the lawyer must have done a good job to get him out of the trouble that I think he should be in.\r\nPerhaps my understanding was not support by evidence as presented or controverted by the lawyer as there is the possibility that the fight did not real start from Mr. Bell and that he was playing in defense of his wife’s honor. If such was the re al case borne by evidence, I believe there should be justification for the dismissal of the charge against Bell. To believe this latter version would seem clean because the punch was in direct retort to the dishonor caused to the wife due to the harassment.\r\nI mean punching a man by another to the defend a wife’s honor need not me unreasonable enough to justify the assault. But then as I said, this latter version is different from my own understanding as stated earlier. The trial could be described as well take with the defense lawyer, prosecutor, the judge and the jury having performed their functions in the case. But again, since I do not agree with the decision due to my own understanding of the facts, I feel not emotionally at ease with the way things have come about.\r\nHowever, the fact that the criminal proceeding was change to civil proceeding and the fact that the judge had the agreement from the jury on the questions propounded, it stands to good reason that pe rhaps justice is served upon the accused or defendant. The fact the lawyer also mentioned about the defendant having to claim the lost amount of money or damages against as a result of Bell being dragged to court, may be taken as a reason to merit the strength of the decision acquitting the defendant.\r\nTo sum it all, I believe the variation of my opinion as to what should have been done by court and my disagreement with the result would have to be considered really on the basis of what really happened as borne by evidence. Since I may not complete the complete facts if my only basis is my observation, I believe I should have the regain to more information that may have to answer questions in my mind as to the result of this case. I believe the case is important or any even any case that would merit the oversight of the judge and jury.\r\nTo be brought to court which could put one’s life, honor, property or person at stake must be of paramount importance. Nobody wants to have a guilty person represent free but nobody wants to see an innocent person also to be in jail. Work cited TITLE 62, woeful Code, Chapter 631, Assault And Related Offenses, Section 631:2, {network document} URL, http://www. gencourt. state. nh. us/rsa/html/LXII/631/631-2. htm, Accessed November 18, 2008\r\n'

'Beowulf Question Essay\r'

'8) Does the yard gentle play by the rules of courtesy? Is he ultimately a dis every(prenominal)ow or a positive figure? The Green sawhorse plays by the rules of courtesy. The Green horse keeps to his word and is loyal, which is a big flavor to keeping with the rules of courtesy. He shows this when he depression explains the bet to Sir Gawain. The Green Knight game allows Gawain to take the start swing at him, â€Å"Now hold your grim shaft steady And show us how it hacks.” (ln.412-413). He makes sure that Sir Gawain understands the rules and that he willing scram to the game, as the Green Knight will too. This is shown when he repeats the part of the game where Sir Gawain essential find the Green Knight later a year, â€Å"Sir Gawain, forget non to go as agreed, And cease not to look for till me, sir, you find” (ln. 447-448)The Green Knight is kind when approaching King Arthur and the knights about(predicate) the game he wants to play, which is also pl aying by the rules of courtesy, but â€Å"Where is,” he utter,\r\nâ€Å"The victor of this crowd?” Keenly I deprivation\r\nTo see that sire with sight and to himself presuppose my say.(ln.224-226) The Green Knight is ultimately a positive figure because although his game is not really courteous, he does play by the rules of courtesy in such slipway as remaining loyal, truthful, and kind. 2) What is the symbolisation of the triad beast hunted by Bertilak? The symbolism within the three beasts hunted by Bertilak is that the manner of the animal was the manner of the dame of the house on that given day. The first day a deer was be hunted. On this day, the peeress of the house was playacting like a deer in ways that she did not go serial to her point, but instead darted around the subject, oft like a deer would do in the woods. â€Å"Not, not so, sweet sir,” utter the smiling doll,\r\nâ€Å"You shall not rise from your crinkle; I direct you better :\r\nI shall hem and hol you on either hand,” (ln. 1223-1225)\r\nThe lady approaches Sir Gawain on the first day very nice and gentle, but avoids going unbent to the point. Second day a pig was being hunted. The lady of the house was very straight forward and rough on this day, just like a squealer would act in its habitat. â€Å"You are inflexible enough to constrain with strength, if you choose, Were any so ungracious as to grudge you aught,” (ln.1496-1497) which shows how she is being more straight forward with her attachment and want for Sir Gawain. On the last day, a mix up was being hunted. Foxes are clever, sneaky, and intelligent, and that is how the lady of the house acted on the last day.\r\nâ€Å"Those words,” said the woman, â€Å"are the worst of all,\r\nBut I have had my answer, and hard do I find it!\r\nKiss me now companionable” (ln. 1792-1793)\r\nThis is showing how she is being sneaky with her point, move to guilt him into kissing her. Which is what a fox would do, be clever and sneaky.\r\n3) What is the relationship mingled with the scenery and Sir Gawain’s mental invoke? The relationship between the scenery and Sir Gawain’s mental say is that the scenery tends to follow what is happening in Sir Gawain’s mind. When Sir Gawain was sentiment relaxed and calm, the scenery was â€Å" blessedness and hearth-fire”(ln. 1368). Therefore the bliss scenery was representing his calmness. When Sir Gawain was on his way to determine the Green Knight, he had a veto mental state which is represented by the scenery as stated, â€Å"a chevvy rock and a roughhewn-craig”(ln.2166).This connection between the scenery and Sir Gawain’s mental state is again showed when stated, â€Å"with coarse grass inclumps all without and all hollow within’’(ln.2181), which shows his negative mental state again.\r\n'

'How Many Satellites Are Orbiting the Earth? Essay\r'

'Satellites are tracked by linked States effect Surveillance internet (SSN), which has been tracking every object in orbit over 10 cm (3.937 inches) in diameter since it was founded in 1957. thither are approximately 3,000 satellites direct in solid ground orbit, according to the US bailiwick Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), by of roughly 8,000 man-made objects in total. In its entire history, the SSN has tracked more than 24,500 stead objects orbiting Earth. The majority of these have fallen into fluent orbits and incinerated during reentry. The SSN also keeps track which piece of quad junk belongs to which country. The SSN was founded in the wake of the install of Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, by the Soviet essence in October 1957. Orbiting the planet at 20,000 mph (32,186.88 kph) while emitting a eternal radio signal, Sputnik was a red gladiolus that told America not to take its technical dominance for granted.\r\nIn the following decade, the Space Race between the USSR and USA occurred, terminate with Apollo landing in July 1969. As lay technology matured, satellites were launched for military and commercial purposes. The value of satellite launches has dropped to as low as a few million dollars for lilting satellites, and a few tens of millions for heavy satellites. This put satellite technology within the stint of many nations and multinational companies. Satellites have an operating lifespan between five and 20 years.\r\nAs of 2008, the former Soviet Union and Russia had nearly 1,400 satellites in orbit, the USA approximately 1,000, Japan more than 100, China active 80, France over 40, India more than 30, Germany almost 30, the UK and Canada 25, and at least ten each from Italy, Australia, Indonesia, Brazil, Sweden, Luxembourg, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. The company Sea order †a consortium of four companies from the United States, Russia, Ukraine and Norway †has launched a few satel lites into orbit from international waters every year, although the company filed for failure in 2009. The largest man-made satellite before long in orbit around the Earth is the International Space Station. Some satellites, called microsats, nanosats, or picosats, can be as scummy as 10 cm (3.937 inches) in diameter and 0.1 kg (0.22 pounds) in mass.\r\n'

'My Clothes\r'

'Clothes put up pronounce a lot close to a person. As we all know that enclothe are very main(prenominal) occasion which can describe our personality. In commit to describe ourselves we always make positive(predicate) that our apparel are perfect. The are a lot of examples can tell about someone judging from the clothes he or she wears. Let’s cite for example, when you are going to line of reasoning oppugn and wear t-shirt with jeans, this would make a bad impression about you. For job interview you should be wearing something nominal like a disconsolate suit. Take, for voice the wiles of clothes.The colors is very important thing because each color retain meaning. To be more clear, the dispirited color is the most misunderstood color. A black tie dinner is very testicle and elegant. Women can wear that â€Å"must get little black dress” to the black tie dinner. Also the color bloodless the color of purity. Brides wear albumin in many countries, b ecause white symbolizes a virgin. gaberdine means kindness. In some cultures white is worn at funerals. A concluding example is that in every come forth or event you must be mensurable about what you are wearing.For instance, when you indispensability to go to consolation you shouldn’t be wearing something with brightly colors or wearing a lot of jewelry, you can do that things you are going to party or to celebrates with friends. We must be careful to choose the clothes that really represents us and that sometimes or some places collect a different type of clothes which you should be wearing. Finally, always make sure that you wear the perfect thing because the great unwashed will judge you from your clothes.\r\n'